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Reorganization Plan No. 3 (, ) was an executive order submitted to the United States Congress on July 9, 1970 by President Richard Nixon establishing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and setting forth the components of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The order consolidated components from different Federal agencies to form the EPA, "a strong, independent agency" that would establish and enforce federal environmental protection laws. Unlike other agencies such as OSHA, the EPA was not established by a single enabling act of Congress. ==Background== According to author Jack Lewis, the decade of the 1960s fostered a general consensus of the American public to increase protection and betterment of the environment.〔 Rachel Carson published ''Silent Spring'' in 1962, which is widely credited with helping to launch the environmental movement.〔Josie Glausiusz. (2007), "Better Planet: Can A Maligned Pesticide Save Lives?" ''Discover Magazine'', p. 34.〕 On January 28, 1969, eight days after Richard Nixon became the 37th President, a blowout on the ocean bottom near Union Oil's Platform "A" on the Dos Cuadras field leaked between 80,000 and of oil into the water of the Santa Barbara Channel, near Santa Barbara, California.〔(Answers.com Unocal Corporation company history ). Retrieved on June 14, 2008〕 The oil spill polluted a 60-mile stretch of coastline, harming marine wildlife and damaging the local fishing economy. The event led to widespread criticism of both Union Oil and the offshore oil drilling industry.〔(Brief Oil and Gas History of Santa Barbara County: Santa Barbara County Energy Division )〕 On April 22, 1970, the first Earth Day brought millions of Americans together to peacefully demonstrate in support of environmental reform.〔 In April 1969, President Richard Nixon addressed these environmental concerns by establishing the Environmental Quality Council in his cabinet, along with the complementary Citizens' Advisory Committee on Environmental Quality.〔("An Environmental Revolution" ), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, accessed November 3, 2010.〕 In December of the same year, Nixon received the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) from Congress, a bill that Congress stated was intended to "create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony" and to "assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, esthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings."〔 The NEPA required any federal agency planning a project that would affect the environment to submit a report on the likely consequences of its plan.〔 President Nixon signed the NEPA on New Year's Day 1970, declaring "that the 1970s absolutely must be the years when America pays its debt to the past by reclaiming the purity of its air, its waters, and our living environment."〔 , created Title 5 of the United States Code (Government Organization and Employees), which was the legal authority under which the Reorganization Plan was authorized. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reorganization Plan No. 3」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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